Ch.1 Moral Norms -- Ethics and Morality -- Moral Dilemmas 9 -- A Framework of Moral Principles -- The Prima Facie Nature of Moral Norms -- Specifying Principles and Rules -- Balancing Principles and Rules -- Conclusion -- Ch.2 Moral Character -- Moral Virtues -- Virtues in Professional Roles 30 Five Focal Virtues -- The Relationship of Moral Virtues and Moral Principles -- Moral Ideals -- Moral Excellence -- Conclusion -- Ch.3 Respect for Autonomy -- The Nature of Autonomy -- The Capacity for Autonomous Choice -- The Meaning and Justification of Informed Consent -- Disclosure -- Understanding -- Voluntariness -- A Framework of Standards for Surrogate Decision-Making -- Conclusion -- Ch.4 Nonmaleficence -- The Concept of Nonmaleficence -- Distinctions and Rules Governing Nontreatment -- Optional Treatments and Obligatory Treatments -- Killing and Letting Die -- The Justification of Intentionally Arranged Deaths -- Protecting Incompetent Patients -- Conclusion -- Ch. 5 Beneficence -- The Concept of Beneficence -- Obligatory and Ideal Beneficence -- Paternalism: Conflicts Between Beneficence and Autonomy -- Balancing Benefits, Costs, and Risks -- The Value and Quality of Life -- Conclusion -- Ch. 6 Justice -- The Concept of Justice -- Theories of Justice 230 Fair Opportunity -- The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care -- The Allocation of Health Care Resources -- Rationing and Setting Priorities -- Rationing Scarce Treatments to Patients -- Conclusion -- Ch. 7 Professional-Patient Relationships -- Veracity -- Privacy -- Confidentiality -- Fidelity -- The Dual Roles of Physician and Investigator -- Conclusion -- Ch.8 Moral Theories -- Criteria for Theory Construction -- Utilitarianism: Consequence-Based Theory -- Kantianism: Obligation-Based Theory -- Liberal Individualism: Rights-Based Theory -- Communitarianism: Community-Based Theory -- Ethics of Care: Relationship-Based Accounts -- Convergence Across Theories -- Conclusion -- Ch.9 Method and Moral Justification -- Justification in Ethics -- Top-Down Models: Theory and Application -- Bottom-Up Models: Cases and Inductive Generalization -- An Integrated Model: Coherence Theory -- Common-Morality Theory -- Conclusion -- App Cases in Biomedical Ethics -- Index

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