Occupational exposures of hairdressers and barbers and personal use of hair colourants; some hair dyes, cosmetic colourants, industrial dyestuffs and aromatic amines / this publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, which met in Lyon, 6-13 October 1992.
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TextSeries: IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans ; v. 57Publication details: Lyon : International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1993. Description: 427 pISBN: 9283212576Subject(s): Carcinogens | Hair dyes -- adverse effects | Occupational exposure | Chemical Toxicology and CarcinogenicityNLM classification: QZ 202Abstract: A detailed assessment of the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by the professional and personal use of hair colourants. An additional 17 monographs evaluate the carcinogenicity of eight hair dyes, one cosmetic colourant, four industrial dyestuffs, and four aromatic amines, three of which are used in dyestuff manufacture. The first and most extensive monograph considers the carcinogenic risk posed by occupational exposures of hairdressers and barbers and personal exposure to hair colourants. Citing consistent evidence from five large European cohort studies of excess risk for cancer of the urinary bladder in male hairdressers and barbers, the monograph concludes that occupation as a hairdresser or barber entails exposures that are probably carcinogenic. The carcinogenic risk linked to the personal use of hair colourants could not be determined. Of the eight hair dyes considered, only one, HC Blue No. 1, could be classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. In view of the difficult methodological problems and the paucity of pertinent data, the remaining hair dyes (CI Acid Orange 3, HC Blue No. 2, HC Red No. 3, HC Yellow No. 4, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol, and 1,4-diamino-2-nitrobenzene) could not be classified. The cosmetic colourant, D&C Red No. 9 (CI Pigment Red 53:1), could not be classified on the basis of available data. Of the four industrial dyestuffs, CI Direct Blue 15, CI Acid Red 114, and magenta containing CI Basic Red 9 were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. In view of marked excesses of cancer of the urinary bladder identified in workers engaged in the manufacture of magenta, the manufacture of magenta was classified as entailing exposures that are carcinogenic. Of the four aromatic amines, 4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA), which is used as a curing agent in certain castable polyurethane products, was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. para-Chloroaniline and 2,6-dimethylaniline were classified as possibly carcinogenic; N,N-dimethylaniline could not be classified.
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| QZ 202 92WH-2 Anticonceptivos orales y neoplasia : | QZ 202 93CH Chemical carcinogenesis : | QZ 202 93IA Some naturally occurring substances : | QZ 202 93IA-1 Occupational exposures of hairdressers and barbers and personal use of hair colourants; some hair dyes, cosmetic colourants, industrial dyestuffs and aromatic amines / | QZ 202 93IA-2 Beryllium, cadmium, mercury, and exposures in the glass manufacturing industry / | QZ 202 94IA Hepatitis viruses / | QZ 202 94IA-1 Some industrial chemicals / |
A detailed assessment of the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by the professional and personal use of hair colourants. An additional 17 monographs evaluate the carcinogenicity of eight hair dyes, one cosmetic colourant, four industrial dyestuffs, and four aromatic amines, three of which are used in dyestuff manufacture. The first and most extensive monograph considers the carcinogenic risk posed by occupational exposures of hairdressers and barbers and personal exposure to hair colourants. Citing consistent evidence from five large European cohort studies of excess risk for cancer of the urinary bladder in male hairdressers and barbers, the monograph concludes that occupation as a hairdresser or barber entails exposures that are probably carcinogenic. The carcinogenic risk linked to the personal use of hair colourants could not be determined. Of the eight hair dyes considered, only one, HC Blue No. 1, could be classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. In view of the difficult methodological problems and the paucity of pertinent data, the remaining hair dyes (CI Acid Orange 3, HC Blue No. 2, HC Red No. 3, HC Yellow No. 4, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol, and 1,4-diamino-2-nitrobenzene) could not be classified. The cosmetic colourant, D&C Red No. 9 (CI Pigment Red 53:1), could not be classified on the basis of available data. Of the four industrial dyestuffs, CI Direct Blue 15, CI Acid Red 114, and magenta containing CI Basic Red 9 were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. In view of marked excesses of cancer of the urinary bladder identified in workers engaged in the manufacture of magenta, the manufacture of magenta was classified as entailing exposures that are carcinogenic. Of the four aromatic amines, 4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA), which is used as a curing agent in certain castable polyurethane products, was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. para-Chloroaniline and 2,6-dimethylaniline were classified as possibly carcinogenic; N,N-dimethylaniline could not be classified.
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