Evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by 2-nitropropane, an important industrial chemical used as a solvent for printing inks, paints, varnishes, adhesives, and other coatings, such as beverage container linings. 2-Nitropropane is also used in printing inks for flexible food packaging and in food processing, primarily for the separation of oleic acid from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Though smokers are regularly exposed to low concentrations, exposure of the general population from other sources is judged to be very low. The most extensive section evaluates data from studies conducted in laboratory mammals and in vitro test systems. Studies show moderate acute toxicity for mammals, with considerable variation in the sensitivity of different laboratory animals. Studies conducted in the rat provide clear evidence of destructive changes in the liver, including hepatocellular carcinoma. The report found no conclusive evidence that 2-nitropropane causes cancer in other laboratory species. Concerning effects on humans, the report notes that exposure to high concentrations, which are acutely toxic, is largely or entirely confined to the occupational setting. An evaluation of toxic effects draws upon seven reports of industrial fatalities attributed to inhalation of 2-nitropropane fumes, with death due to acute hepatic failure in all cases. Although more research on long-term effects is needed, the report notes that available data provide no indication that chronic occupational exposure at concentrations usually encountered in the workplace induces hepatic or other neoplasms, or other long-term effects. Because 2-nitropropane is a potent carcinogen in rats, the report recommends that occupational exposure to this solvent, and its presence in consumer products, be minimized and replaced with a less toxic solvent whenever practical. The report recommends against the use of 2-nitropropane in food processing.

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WHODOC

WHO monograph

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