Principles and methods for the assessment of nephrotoxicity associated with exposure to chemicals / published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization, and on behalf of the Commission of the European Communities.
Material type:
TextSeries: Environmental health criteria ; 119Publication details: Geneva : World Health Organization, 1991. Description: 266 pISBN: 9241571195; 5225019242 (Russian)Subject(s): Kidney diseases -- chemically induced | Kidney neoplasms -- chemically induced | Kidney -- drug effects | Chemical Toxicology and CarcinogenicityNLM classification: WJ 300Abstract: Establishes detailed guiding principles for the planning of studies designed to investigate the nephrotoxic effects of exposure to chemicals, whether medicinal, industrial, or environmental. Close to 800 recent reports are cited in order to provide state-of-the-art advice on the design of studies, the interpretation of results, and the extrapolation of data from animals to man. As early renal injury is often masked by the kidneys considerable functional reserve and capacity for repair, the book places special emphasis on the need for improved screening tools and markers that can aid the timely diagnosis of chemically induced renal dysfunction. The book also cites evidence that exposure to chemicals may have a much greater influence on the incidence of nephropathy and chronic renal failure than previously suspected. The book opens with a thorough discussion of the many factors that must be considered when investigating nephrotoxicity due to chemicals. The second chapter discusses the special features of kidney structure and function, including the mechanisms by which xenobiotic molecules are metabolized, that can affect the interpretation of toxicological data. Other chapters summarize current knowledge on the molecular basis of renal injury, identify specific therapeutic agents and chemicals that can induce nephrotoxicity, and outline the multiplicity of questions that must be asked in order to identify nephrotoxic chemicals and understand their potencies, sites, and mechanisms of toxicity. The concluding chapter evaluates the predictive value and diagnostic validity of new biochemical and immunochemical markers of early renal changes in humans.
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Summary and conclusions and recommendations in French and Spanish.
Establishes detailed guiding principles for the planning of studies designed to investigate the nephrotoxic effects of exposure to chemicals, whether medicinal, industrial, or environmental. Close to 800 recent reports are cited in order to provide state-of-the-art advice on the design of studies, the interpretation of results, and the extrapolation of data from animals to man. As early renal injury is often masked by the kidneys considerable functional reserve and capacity for repair, the book places special emphasis on the need for improved screening tools and markers that can aid the timely diagnosis of chemically induced renal dysfunction. The book also cites evidence that exposure to chemicals may have a much greater influence on the incidence of nephropathy and chronic renal failure than previously suspected. The book opens with a thorough discussion of the many factors that must be considered when investigating nephrotoxicity due to chemicals. The second chapter discusses the special features of kidney structure and function, including the mechanisms by which xenobiotic molecules are metabolized, that can affect the interpretation of toxicological data. Other chapters summarize current knowledge on the molecular basis of renal injury, identify specific therapeutic agents and chemicals that can induce nephrotoxicity, and outline the multiplicity of questions that must be asked in order to identify nephrotoxic chemicals and understand their potencies, sites, and mechanisms of toxicity. The concluding chapter evaluates the predictive value and diagnostic validity of new biochemical and immunochemical markers of early renal changes in humans.
eng rus.
WHODOC
WHO monograph
EUR 13222 EN
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